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Air

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

What pollutant forms when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays?
a.
ozone
c.
radon
b.
carbon dioxide
d.
sulfur dioxide
 

 2. 

All of the following are primary air pollutants except
a.
carbon monoxide.
c.
sulfur oxides.
b.
nitric acid.
d.
VOCs.
 

 3. 

Two-thirds of the sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by
a.
automobile exhaust.
c.
electric power plants.
b.
industrial boilers.
d.
catalytic converters.
 

 4. 

Which of the following is often used to remove poisonous gases from industrial emissions before they are released into the atmosphere?
a.
catalytic converters
c.
electrostatic precipitators
b.
scrubbers
d.
crushed limestone
 

 5. 

Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?
a.
one in a cool climate with a good ventilation system
b.
one in an urban area where windows are often open
c.
one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned
d.
one that has not been repainted or recarpeted in several years
 

 6. 

Schools in the United States have spent over $40 billion to remove
a.
non-water-based paint.
c.
volatile organic compounds.
b.
carbon dioxide.
d.
asbestos.
 

 7. 

Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
a.
pH 6.0
c.
pH 7.3
b.
pH 4.1
d.
pH 9.6
 

 8. 

Which of the following contributes most to acid precipitation?
a.
burning of fossil fuels
c.
radon and ozone
b.
ethanol
d.
All of the above
 

 9. 

As a lake becomes more acidic, fish are harmed not only by the acidity but also by substances that leach out of the soil into the water. Which of these toxic substances is leached when conditions are acidic?
a.
copper
c.
calcium
b.
iron
d.
aluminum
 

 10. 

Most of the pollution that causes acid precipitation to fall in southeastern Canada is released from
a.
Mexico.
b.
central Canada.
c.
the midwestern and eastern United States.
d.
the southern United States.
 

 11. 

Most air pollution is produced by
a.
thermal inversions.
c.
ozone layer depletion.
b.
fuel burning.
d.
volcanic eruptions.
 

 12. 

A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
a.
primarily a byproduct of fuel burning in automobiles.
b.
involved in the formation of acid precipitation.
c.
released when solvents are used in manufacturing.
d.
participants in the chemical reactions that produce ozone.
 

 13. 

Activities such as construction and agriculture are primary sources of
a.
hydrocarbons.
c.
nitrogen oxides.
b.
volatile organic compounds.
d.
particulate matter.
 

 14. 

A true statement about carbon monoxide is that it
a.
can lower the level of oxygen carried in the blood.
b.
is a less harmful pollutant than carbon dioxide.
c.
may cause headaches but not death.
d.
has no effect on fetal development.
 

 15. 

The automobile’s contribution to air pollution includes
a.
water vapor released during combustion.
b.
fumes that escape when the gas tank is filled.
c.
nitrogen oxides emitted in exhaust.
d.
Both (b) and (c)
 

 16. 

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?
a.
hydrocarbon emissions in car exhaust
b.
sulfur dioxide created when electrical power is generated
c.
VOCs released by a dry cleaner
d.
smog formed in the presence of sunlight
 

 17. 

Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
a.
dependence on coal for heating
c.
frequent thermal inversions
b.
combustion of ethanol in cars
d.
location in a valley or basin
 

 18. 

One way radon and asbestos are similar is that they
a.
are both gaseous pollutants.
c.
cut and scar the lungs.
b.
increase the risk of cancer.
d.
are primarily outdoor air pollutants.
 

 19. 

Which air pollutants can aggravate bronchial asthma in humans and cause fish to suffocate?
a.
natural substances such as mold and fungi
b.
acids formed from nitrogen compounds
c.
particulates produced by forest fires
d.
VOCs released during industrial processes
 

 20. 

Which of the following pollutants is most likely to reach unhealthy levels inside an office building?
a.
VOCs found in the building’s foam insulation
b.
particulates such as dust
c.
sulfur dioxide emitted in the exhaust of nearby traffic
d.
carbon dioxide released by human respiration
 

 21. 

Temperature inversions work to trap pollution when
a.
cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from moving upward.
b.
cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation.
c.
warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation.
d.
warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward.
 

 22. 

Which of the following activities is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the United States?
a.
electricity production
c.
transportation
b.
healthcare
d.
agriculture
 

 23. 

Light pollution can be decreased by
a.
directing lighting downward.
b.
lighting billboards from below.
c.
using incandescent light bulbs.
d.
increasing the number of lights per block on a city street.
 

 24. 

Acid precipitation can be traced back to
a.
the burning of fossil fuels.
b.
the use of electrostatic precipitators.
c.
thermal inversions.
d.
the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere.
 

 25. 

When the acidity of soil increases,
a.
the pH reaches levels as high as 7.0 to 9.0.
b.
some nutrients are dissolved and washed away.
c.
the number of bacteria increases as well.
d.
Both (a) and (b)
 

 26. 

30 decibels is ten times stronger than 20 decibels; 20 decibels is ten times stronger than 10 decibels; 10 decibels is ten times stronger than 0 decibels. Therefore, a sound measuring 90 decibels is how much stronger than a sound of 40 decibels?
a.
50
c.
100,000
b.
100
d.
10,000
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 27. 

Particulates can form ____________________ that reduce visibility and cause a variety of respiratory problems. (clouds, pools)
 

 

 28. 

The Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 and strengthened in 1990, gives the ___________________________________ the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the United States. (FDA or EPA)
 

 

 29. 

In an electrostatic precipitator, gas containing _________________________ is blown through a chamber containing an electric current. (dust particles or ozone)
 

 

 30. 

The ____________________ of air in the atmosphere usually keeps air pollution from reaching dangerous levels. (circulation or stagnation)
 

 

 31. 

Smog results from chemical reactions that involve ____________________, automobile exhaust, and ozone. (rain or sunlight)
 

 

 32. 

Long-term effects on health that have been linked to air pollution include ____________________, lung cancer, and heart disease. (hepatitis or emphysema)
 

 

 33. 

Sick-building syndrome is most common in _________________________ climates where buildings are _________________________ to keep out the heat.
(Choice #1 - warm, tightly sealed) or (Choice #2 - cool, well ventilated)
 

 

 34. 

Radon is one of the elements produced by the decay of ____________________, a radioactive element that occurs naturally in Earth’s crust. (carbon or uranium)
 

 

 35. 

Permanent deafness results from continuous or long-term exposure to sounds over ____________________ decibels. (60 or 120)
 

 

 36. 

When fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of ____________________ and ____________________. (carbon, argon) or (sulfur, nitrogen)
 

 

 37. 

The lower the pH number is, the more ____________________ a substance is; the higher the pH number is, the more ____________________ a substance is. (Use choices from question #37)
 

 

 38. 

Normal precipitation is slightly _________________________ because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the precipitation and forms carbonic acid. (basic or acidic)
 

 

 39. 

Aquatic animals are adapted to live in an environment within a particular ____________________ range. (decibel or pH)
 

 

 40. 

Because acid precipitation falls ____________________, the problem of solving acid precipitation has been difficult, especially at the international level. (upwind or downwind)
 

 

 41. 

Almost half of the acid precipitation that falls in southeastern Canada results from pollution produced in _________________________. (Europe or the United States)
 

 

 42. 

A scrubber is a machine that moves ____________________ through a spray of ____________________ that removes many pollutants.
(Choice #1 - water, water) (Choice #2 - Gases, water)
 

 

 43. 

Some indoor air pollutants include _________________________ from dry-cleaning fluid, paradichlorobenzene from air fresheners, and methylene chloride from paint strippers.
(formaldehyde, tetrachloroethylene)
 

 

 44. 

Secondary pollutants form when a(n) ____________________ pollutant comes into contact with other ____________________ pollutants, or with naturally occurring substances such as water vapor, and a chemical reaction takes place.
(Choice #1 - primary, primary) or (Choice #2 - primary, secondary)
 

 



 
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