Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Nutrients provide the body with the energy and materials it needs for
a. | growth. | c. | repair. | b. | maintenance. | d. | All of the
above |
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2.
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All essential amino acids
a. | must be obtained from the foods we eat. | b. | are made in our body
in sufficient quantities. | c. | are found in gelatin. | d. | None of the
above |
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3.
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Vitamin K
a. | is soluble in fat. | c. | is found in green vegetables. | b. | assists with blood
clotting. | d. | All of the
above |
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4.
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The first portion of the small intestine is the
a. | colon. | c. | duodenum. | b. | esophagus. | d. | rectum. |
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5.
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The function of the digestive system is to
a. | chemically break down food. | b. | mechanically break apart
food. | c. | absorb nutrient materials. | d. | All of the
above |
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6.
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small intestine : large intestine ::
a. | large intestine : small intestine | b. | stomach : large intestine | c. | esophagus :
stomach | d. | small intestine : esophagus |
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7.
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Chemical digestion occurs as a result of the action of
a. | hydrochloric acid. | c. | saliva. | b. | pepsin. | d. | All of the
above |
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8.
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Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of
a. | protein. | c. | fats. | b. | starch. | d. | carbohydrates. |
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9.
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Bile
a. | breaks down globules of fat into tiny droplets. | b. | is stored in the
liver. | c. | is produced by the gall bladder. | d. | All of the
above |
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10.
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The central nervous system consists of
a. | the brain and spinal cord. | c. | the brain stem and
cerebellum. | b. | the spinal nerves only. | d. | the cerebrum and spinal cord. |
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11.
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Gray matter includes
a. | cell bodies of neurons. | c. | myelin. | b. | synapses. | d. | nodes. |
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12.
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Which part of the spinal cord contains dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and the
cell bodies of neurons?
a. | gray matter | c. | ventral root | b. | dorsal root | d. | white matter |
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13.
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Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons?
a. | gray matter | c. | ventral root | b. | dorsal root | d. | All of the
above |
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14.
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Sensory neurons transmit messages
a. | from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland. | b. | from the brain to
the spinal cord. | c. | from the environment to the spinal cord or brain. | d. | within the
brain. |
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15.
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Motor neurons transmit messages
a. | from the environment to the brain. | b. | from the environment to the spinal
cord. | c. | from the spinal cord to the brain. | d. | from the central nervous system to a muscle or
gland. |
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16.
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Extensions at one end of a neuron’s body that receive input are
called
a. | axons. | c. | synapses. | b. | cell bodies. | d. | dendrites. |
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17.
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The myelin sheath
a. | transmits impulses from one neuron to another. | b. | insulates the
synapses. | c. | nourishes the neurons. | d. | insulates the
axons. |
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18.
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Which statement about the resting potential of a neuron is true?
a. | There are many times more sodium ions outside the neuron’s membrane than
inside. | b. | Sodium ions are in balance inside and outside the neuron’s
membrane. | c. | There are fewer potassium ions inside the neuron’s membrane than
outside. | d. | Potassium and sodium ions are equal on both sides of the neuron’s
membrane. |
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19.
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Neurotransmitters are
a. | electrical impulses. | b. | found only in neurons with myelin
sheaths. | c. | released at synapses. | d. | produced by
muscles. |
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20.
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Some neurotransmitters cross a synaptic cleft and open sodium channels in the
membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, causing
a. | inhibition of impulses in the neuron. | b. | the death of the neuron. | c. | initiation of an
impulse in the neuron. | d. | the formation of protein receptors in the
neuron. |
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21.
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The layer of photoreceptors and other neurons at the back of the eye is called
the
a. | retina. | c. | iris. | b. | cochlea. | d. | optic nerve. |
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22.
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Ears
a. | function to detect sounds. | b. | maintain your balance and sense of where you
are in space. | c. | detect only internal stimuli. | d. | Both a and b |
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23.
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When we hear a sound,
a. | sound waves enter the ear canal and strike the eardrum. | b. | the fluid in the
cochlea moves. | c. | the auditory nerve carries nerve impulses to the brain. | d. | All of the
above |
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24.
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When tobacco is inhaled, nicotine
a. | is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mouth and lungs. | b. | is transported
throughout the body. | c. | increases blood pressure and heart
rate. | d. | All of the above |
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25.
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Smoking can cause
a. | lung cancer. | c. | stains on the teeth. | b. | cancer of the mouth and
larynx. | d. | All of the
above |
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26.
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Drinking alcohol, smoking, or using other drugs during pregnancy can
cause
a. | birth defects. | c. | mental retardation. | b. | low birth weight. | d. | All of the
above |
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27.
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
a. | results when babies are allowed to drink alcohol. | b. | is a cluster of
physical and mental defects associated with exposure of a fetus to alcohol. | c. | is likely to occur
only when pregnant women become drunk. | d. | All of the
above |
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28.
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Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
a. | An effective dose is a dose that causes a desired effect. | b. | A lethal dose is a
dose that results in death. | c. | Withdrawal is a response to the lack of a
drug. | d. | Tolerance means that decreasing amounts of a drug are needed to be
effective. |
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29.
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Cocaine
a. | affects the central nervous system by changing the activity of
synapses. | b. | inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters. | c. | overstimulates nerve
pathways. | d. | All of the above |
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30.
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Vitamins are organic compounds that
a. | help activate enzymes during chemical reactions. | b. | provide energy for
metabolism. | c. | help form cell membranes. | d. | are not obtained from
food. |
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31.
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Excessive amounts of vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K
a. | lead to excellent health. | b. | can be harmful. | c. | present no problem
since they are not stored in the body. | d. | prevent
beriberi. |
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32.
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Most of the body’s energy needs should be supplied by dietary
a. | carbohydrates. | c. | vitamins. | b. | fats. | d. | proteins. |
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33.
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The pharynx is
a. | located in the colon. | c. | also called the voice box. | b. | located in the back
of the throat. | d. | None of the
above |
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34.
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The wavelike contractions of muscle that move food through the digestive system
are called
a. | peristalsis. | c. | mechanical digestion. | b. | voluntary
contractions. | d. | involuntary
digestion. |
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35.
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Fat molecules are broken down into fatty acids by
a. | emulsifiers. | c. | sphincters. | b. | bile. | d. | enzymes. |
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36.
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The peripheral nervous system
a. | is not linked to the central nervous system. | b. | provides pathways to
and from the central nervous system. | c. | consists of the cerebellum and spinal
cord. | d. | is composed only of motor neurons. |
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37.
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The ____ respond(s) to dim light coming into the eye.
a. | cones | c. | cornea | b. | lens | d. | rods |
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38.
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Colorblindness is caused by faulty or missing
a. | blood vessels. | c. | cones. | b. | rods. | d. | glands. |
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39.
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Sensory receptors essential for balance are located in the
a. | sclera. | c. | cochlea of the inner ear. | b. | eardrum. | d. | semicircular canals. |
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40.
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Stimulants and depressants are named for their effects on
a. | the respiratory system. | b. | the digestive system. | c. | behavior. | d. | the central nervous
system. |
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41.
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Which of the following is not an effect of a depressant drug?
a. | impaired coordination | c. | increased heart rate | b. | slowed reaction time | d. | decreased respiration
rate |
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