Name: 
 

Digestion and Nervous Test


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Nutrients provide the body with the energy and materials it needs for
a.
growth.
c.
repair.
b.
maintenance.
d.
All of the above
 

 2. 
The first portion of the small intestine is the
a.
colon.
c.
duodenum.
b.
esophagus.
d.
rectum.
 

 3. 
small intestine : large intestine ::
a.
large intestine : small intestine
b.
stomach : large intestine
c.
esophagus : stomach
d.
small intestine : esophagus
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 4. 
Refer to the illustration above. Most of the products of digestion are absorbed into the circulatory system from which structure?
a.
1
c.
3
b.
2
d.
4
 

 5. 
Chemical digestion occurs as a result of the action of
a.
hydrochloric acid.
c.
saliva.
b.
pepsin.
d.
All of the above
 

 6. 
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach begin the digestion of
a.
protein.
c.
fats.
b.
starch.
d.
carbohydrates.
 

 7. 
Bile
a.
breaks down globules of fat into tiny droplets.
b.
is stored in the liver.
c.
is produced by the gall bladder.
d.
All of the above
 

 8. 
pancreas : enzymes for small intestine ::
a.
stomach : saliva
c.
liver : bile
b.
stomach : proteins from amino acids
d.
liver : hydrochloric acid
 
 
nar002-1.jpg
 

 9. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is a(n)
a.
villus.
c.
ureter.
b.
nephron.
d.
urethra.
 

 10. 
Refer to the illustration above. This structure is found in the
a.
kidney.
c.
small intestine.
b.
esophagus.
d.
tongue.
 

 11. 
mc011-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 in the diagram is the
a.
reticular formation.
c.
cerebellum.
b.
brain stem.
d.
cerebrum.
 

 12. 
Which part of the spinal cord contains dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and the cell bodies of neurons?
a.
gray matter
c.
ventral root
b.
dorsal root
d.
white matter
 

 13. 
Which part of the spinal cord contains motor neurons?
a.
gray matter
c.
ventral root
b.
dorsal root
d.
All of the above
 

 14. 
Sensory neurons transmit messages
a.
from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland.
b.
from the brain to the spinal cord.
c.
from the environment to the spinal cord or brain.
d.
within the brain.
 

 15. 
The peripheral nervous system
a.
is not linked to the central nervous system.
b.
provides pathways to and from the central nervous system.
c.
consists of the cerebellum and spinal cord.
d.
is composed only of motor neurons.
 

 16. 
A reflex
a.
may involve two or three neurons.
b.
is not under conscious control.
c.
is not learned.
d.
All of the above
 

 17. 
The sodium-potassium pump
a.
rebuilds axon fibers.
b.
restores resting potential.
c.
creates a stimulus.
d.
is found only in the peripheral nervous system.
 

 18. 
Which statement about the resting potential of a neuron is true?
a.
There are many times more sodium ions outside the neuron’s membrane than inside.
b.
Sodium ions are in balance inside and outside the neuron’s membrane.
c.
There are fewer potassium ions inside the neuron’s membrane than outside.
d.
Potassium and sodium ions are equal on both sides of the neuron’s membrane.
 
 
nar003-1.jpg
 

 19. 
Refer to the illustration above. When an impulse moves down the axon,
a.
sodium ions first rush out of the cell.
b.
a small part of the axon momentarily reverses its polarity.
c.
the resting potential of the cell does not change.
d.
potassium ions are pumped into the axon.
 

 20. 
Refer to the illustration above. An action potential may be best described as
a.
an electrical impulse.
b.
an electromagnetic message.
c.
a chemical message.
d.
a chemical change occurring in the brain.
 

 21. 
Electrical changes in a neuron create
a.
a stimulus.
c.
an action potential.
b.
an electrical shock.
d.
light and sound.
 
 
nar004-1.jpg
 

 22. 
Refer to the illustration above. If neurotransmitters could not be cleared out of a synapse after transmitting a message,
a.
the second neuron would continue to be stimulated for an indefinite period of time.
b.
the first neuron could not pass on its impulse.
c.
neuromodulators would be formed in the synapse.
d.
the neurotransmitter would magnify the effect of a psychoactive drug.
 

 23. 
Some neurotransmitters cross a synaptic cleft and open sodium channels in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron, causing
a.
inhibition of impulses in the neuron.
b.
the death of the neuron.
c.
initiation of an impulse in the neuron.
d.
the formation of protein receptors in the neuron.
 

 24. 
The layer of photoreceptors and other neurons at the back of the eye is called the
a.
retina.
c.
iris.
b.
cochlea.
d.
optic nerve.
 

 25. 
The ____ respond(s) to dim light coming into the eye.
a.
cones
c.
cornea
b.
lens
d.
rods
 

 26. 
Ears
a.
function to detect sounds.
b.
maintain your balance and sense of where you are in space.
c.
detect only internal stimuli.
d.
Both a and b
 

 27. 
When tobacco is inhaled, nicotine
a.
is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mouth and lungs.
b.
is transported throughout the body.
c.
increases blood pressure and heart rate.
d.
All of the above
 

 28. 
Tars
a.
cause an increase in heart rate.
c.
are neurotransmitters.
b.
paralyze cilia.
d.
All of the above
 

 29. 
Which of the following is not an effect of a depressant drug?
a.
impaired coordination
c.
increased heart rate
b.
slowed reaction time
d.
decreased respiration rate
 

 30. 
Cocaine
a.
affects the central nervous system by changing the activity of synapses.
b.
inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters.
c.
overstimulates nerve pathways.
d.
All of the above
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 31. 
The major building blocks of body tissue are supplied by foods containing ____________________.
 

 

 32. 
The amino acids that humans must obtain from food are called ____________________ amino acids.
 

 

 33. 
The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are the main organs of the ____________________ system.
 

 

 34. 
The semisolid mixture of food, acid, and enzymes in the stomach is called ____________________.
 

 

 35. 
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by cells in the ____________________ found on the stomach’s inner wall.
 

 

 36. 
The kidneys play a major role in maintaining ____________________.
 

 

 37. 
Urine produced in the kidneys passes into the bladder through tubes called ____________________.
 

 

 38. 
The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal organs is called the ____________________ nervous system.
 

 

 39. 
A sudden, involuntary movement in response to a stimulus is called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 40. 
A(n) ____________________ is the basic unit of communication of the nervous system.
 

 

 41. 
Messages are carried across synapses by _________________________.
 

 

 42. 
The junction of a neuron with another neuron or with a muscle cell is called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 43. 
Sensory receptors that respond to tissue damage are called ____________________ receptors.
 

 

 44. 
Peripheral nerve cells that receive information from both internal and external stimuli are called ____________________.
 

 

 45. 
The ____________________ is the light-sensitive inner layer of the eye.
 

 

 46. 
When light enters the eye, it passes first through the ____________________.
 

 

 47. 
The ____________________ is a small, snail-shaped structure lined with hair cells.
 

 

 48. 
The specialized hearing receptors found in the cochlea are ____________________ cells.
 

 

 49. 
A(n) ____________________ is a globular cluster of cells specialized to detect chemicals found in foods.
 

 

 50. 
Abuse of psychoactive drugs often leads to a state of uncontrollable physical or psychological dependence called ____________________.
 

 



 
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