Name: 
 

Vertebrate Review


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following is NOT a vertebrate?
a.
tadpole
c.
lamprey
b.
lizard
d.
tunicate
 

 2. 
Tadpoles change into frogs by the process of
a.
evolution.
c.
metamorphosis.
b.
internal fertilization.
d.
temperature regulation.
 

 3. 
The swim bladder is found in
a.
jawless fishes.
c.
bony fishes.
b.
cartilaginous fishes.
d.
lancelets.
 

 4. 
The amniotic egg first evolved in
a.
bony fishes.
c.
reptiles.
b.
birds.
d.
mammals.
 

 5. 
The yolk holds
a.
food for the embryo.
c.
wastes.
b.
amniotic fluid.
d.
oxygen.
 

 6. 
Both bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes have
a.
denticles.
c.
an oily liver.
b.
fins.
d.
a swim bladder.
 

 7. 
Reptiles are adapted to a life on land because
a.
they can breathe through their skin.
c.
they have thick, moist skin.
b.
they are ectotherms.
d.
they have an amniotic egg.
 

 8. 
The flexible ____ is an embryonic structure that is usually replaced by a backbone.
a.
nerve cord
c.
alimentary canal
b.
notochord
d.
postanal tail
 

 9. 
Which of the following is a member of the largest class of fishes?
a.
perch
c.
shark
b.
lamprey
d.
skate
 

 10. 
Fish first appeared on Earth about
a.
1 billion years ago.
c.
65 million years ago.
b.
500 million years ago.
d.
400 billion years ago.
 

 11. 
The life cycle of a salamander involves
a.
eggs with protective shells.
c.
internal fertilization.
b.
a land-based larval stage.
d.
All of the above
 

 12. 
Which statement is false?
a.
All mammals are vertebrates.
b.
Most vertebrates have an open circulatory system.
c.
Vertebrates have a well-developed head with a skull.
d.
The skeletons of all vertebrate embryos are made of cartilage.
 

 13. 
Gills develop from ____ which are found in all chordate embryos.
a.
notochords
c.
vertebrae
b.
pharyngeal pouches
d.
hollow nerve cords
 

 14. 
The skeletons of all vertebrate embryos are made of
a.
cartilage.
c.
albumen.
b.
bone.
d.
allantois.
 

 15. 
The skeletons of most adult vertebrates are made of
a.
cartilage.
c.
albumen.
b.
bone.
d.
allantois.
 

 16. 
Which statement is true of mammals?
a.
Mammals are endotherms.
b.
Mammals are ectotherms.
c.
All mammals have a tail.
d.
Mammals do not have a hollow nerve cord.
 

 17. 
Which statement best describes lizards?
a.
Lizards are endotherms.
c.
Lizards are producers.
b.
Lizards are ectotherms
d.
Lizards are decomposers.
 

 18. 
Which of the following are endotherms?
a.
fish
c.
birds
b.
amphibians
d.
reptiles
 

 19. 
There are five classes of fishes, but only three classes living today. These three classes of fishes include
a.
freshwater fishes, saltwater fishes, and river fishes.
b.
bony fishes, parasitic fishes, and cartilaginous fishes.
c.
jawless fishes, predatory fishes, and coelacanths.
d.
jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and bony fishes.
 

 20. 
The fin along a fish's back is called the
a.
pectoral fin.
c.
tail fin.
b.
pelvic fin.
d.
dorsal fin.
 

 21. 
The fins near the underside of a fish's body close to its gills are the
a.
pectoral fins.
c.
tail fins.
b.
pelvic fins.
d.
dorsal fins.
 

 22. 
A row of tiny sense organs along each side of a fish's body is called the
a.
swim bladder.
c.
gill cover.
b.
lateral line system.
d.
nerve cord.
 

 23. 
To which class of fishes does a lamprey belong?
a.
jawless fishes
c.
ray-finned fishes
b.
cartilaginous fishes
d.
lobe-finned fishes
 

 24. 
To which class of fishes does a sting ray belong?
a.
jawless fishes
c.
ray-finned fishes
b.
cartilaginous fishes
d.
lobe-finned fishes
 

 25. 
____ are parasitic fish that live by attaching themselves to other fish.
a.
Skates
c.
Lung fish
b.
Coelacanths
d.
Lampreys
 

 26. 
To which class of fishes does a hammerhead shark belong?
a.
jawless fishes
c.
cartilaginous fishes
b.
bony fishes
d.
lobe-finned fishes
 

 27. 
To which class of fishes does a catfish belong?
a.
finless fishes
c.
bony fishes
b.
jawless fishes
d.
cartilaginous fishes
 

 28. 
Small toothlike ____ give the skin of cartilaginous fishes the feel of sandpaper.
a.
scales
c.
gills
b.
denticles
d.
fins
 

 29. 
Most fish breathe by using their
a.
scales.
c.
gills.
b.
denticles.
d.
fins.
 

 30. 
Which statement best describes how fishes reproduce?
a.
They reproduce by external fertilization.
b.
They reproduce by internal fertilization, where the female lays eggs in which an embryo has already started to develop.
c.
They reproduce by internal fertilization, where the embryo develops inside the mother and the baby fish are born live.
d.
All of the above
 

 31. 
Fishes can bring objects into focus by moving the ____ of their eyes.
a.
lenses
c.
irises
b.
retinas
d.
corneas
 

 32. 
Cartilaginous fishes store a lot of oil in their liver to help them
a.
digest foods.
c.
stay alive when food is scarce.
b.
stay afloat.
d.
swim faster.
 

 33. 
Some cartilaginous fishes must ____ or else they will suffocate.
a.
swallow lots of water
b.
go to the surface and breathe air
c.
keep swimming
d.
use their swim bladder to pump water across their gills
 

 34. 
The ____ in fishes is a balloon-like organ that is filled with oxygen and other gases from the bloodstream.
a.
liver
c.
notochord
b.
swim bladder
d.
pharyngeal pouch
 

 35. 
If there are 25,000 species of fishes, and 95 percent of all fishes are bony fishes, how many species of bony fishes are there?
a.
20,000 species
c.
22,500 species
b.
21,250 species
d.
23,750 species
 

 36. 
To which group of bony fishes does a goldfish belong?
a.
cartilaginous fishes
c.
lobe-finned fishes
b.
ray-finned fishes
d.
lungfishes
 

 37. 
To which group of fishes does a pike belong?
a.
lungfishes
c.
lobe-finned fishes
b.
ray-finned fishes
d.
cartilaginous fishes
 

 38. 
Fossil evidence indicates that the first amphibians evolved from the ancient ancestors of modern
a.
cartilaginous fishes.
c.
lobe-finned fishes.
b.
ray-finned fishes.
d.
lungfishes.
 

 39. 
Some of the fastest swimmers in the world are
a.
lungfishes.
c.
lobe-finned fishes.
b.
ray-finned fishes.
d.
cartilaginous fishes.
 

 40. 
Which of the following describes vertebrates?
a.
At some point in their life, they have a notochord.
b.
Vertebrate embryos have skeletons made of cartilage.
c.
They have a backbone.
d.
all of the above
 

 41. 
Which of the following describes lungfish?
a.
They have air sacs and can gulp air.
b.
They are found in Africa, Australia, and South America.
c.
They live in shallow waters.
d.
all of the above
 

 42. 
Fossils show that the first amphibians looked like a cross between a fish and a
a.
salamander.
c.
lizard.
b.
frog.
d.
crocodile.
 

 43. 
The word amphibian means
a.
"reptilelike."
c.
"coldblooded."
b.
"double life."
d.
"lizardlike."
 

 44. 
Which of the following is a characteristic of amphibians?
a.
Amphibians lay their eggs on dry land.
b.
Amphibians have scales because they spend so much time in the water.
c.
Amphibians are endotherms.
d.
Amphibians can obtain oxygen by breathing air into their lungs and absorbing it through their skin.
 

 45. 
A tadpole obtains oxygen
a.
through its skin.
c.
through gills.
b.
by breathing air into its lungs.
d.
Both (a) and (b)
 

 46. 
Most amphibians obtain oxygen ____ after metamorphosis?
a.
by breathing air into their lungs
c.
through their gills
b.
by absorbing air through their skin
d.
Both (a) and (b)
 

 47. 
The metamorphosis of a tadpole into a frog involves the
a.
disappearance of its tail.
c.
development of its lungs.
b.
disappearance of its gills.
d.
All of the above
 

 48. 
____ are amphibians that do not have legs and are shaped like worms or snakes.
a.
Caecilians
c.
Salamanders
b.
Tadpoles
d.
Toads
 

 49. 
The four-toed salamander gets all of its oxygen
a.